价值流程图绘制图标介绍合集 Value stream mapping symbol

   1. What Are Value Stream Mapping Symbols                

       VSM utilizes industry-recognized value stream symbols to map out all the processes from raw material to finished product. It is a graphical representation of the manufacturing process by including all stakeholders, processes, information, and materials in a flowchart.  VSM symbols are best suited for visualizing production process design through the principles of process improvement. Different departments that use value stream mapping are manufacturing, logistics, supply chain management, IT services, software development, and HR.        

         
    2. Value Stream Mapping Symbols Explained                

     Lean Enterprise Institute introduced many recognized symbols in the book "Learning to See," in 2009. Though VSM symbols are not an exhaustive list, you can add your symbols based on your requirement. However, the team must be on the same page about the newly introduced symbols.        

   

    Value stream mapping symbols are categorized as;             

•       Process VSM symbols            
•       Material VSM symbols            
•       Informational VSM symbols               
•       General symbols
  
  

     2.1 Process Symbols                

      Value stream mapping icons and symbols that are used to visualize part of the process to identify waste of resources are called process symbols. Process symbols are related to the working and functions of different processes like manufacturing, supply chain, HR, etc.        

        

    A brief introduction to process symbols is given in the following table.        

        

Symbol	Name	Description
	Customer/Supplier Icon	The customer or supplier icon represents two different elements based on the placement. It represents the supplier if it is placed in the upper left corner of a value stream map. When it is placed in the upper right corner, it represents the customer.
	Dedicated process flow icon	This Value stream mapping symbol represents fixed and continuous internal material flow through a department, process, operation, or machine.
	Shared process icon	This VSM symbol represents a process, department, operation, or work center shared by other value stream families.
	Databox icon	The data box icon represents the significant data. It is usually placed under other symbols that own this data. It can be input material used in one day, the quantity of waste or shipping frequency, etc.
	Workcell icon	The work cell icon shows an integration of multiple processes into one manufacturing work cell.

        
      2.2 Material  Symbols                

      Material value stream mapping symbols include symbols of everything related to Inventory and materials. It includes raw materials, inventories, and the operations related to them. Let us see them one by one now.        

        

Symbol	Name	Description
	Inventory Symbol	This inventory Value stream mapping icon can show Inventory between two processes and stored Inventory. Add the inventory count below this triangle, if required.
	Shipment Symbol	Shipment represents the shifting of procured raw materials from the supplier to the plant. It also shows the delivery of finished products from the manufacturer to the customer.
	Push Arrow	Push arrow VSM symbol is used to represent the journey of material from one process to another. It is mostly used in manufacturing.
	Supermarket	It is also known as a Kanban stock point. It shows where downstream customers can get the Inventory they need as the supplier provides it.
	Material Pull	It is used when supermarkets connect to downstream processes to remove the materials from the supermarket physically.
	FIFO Lane	Represents a First-In-First-Out inventory system. The maximum limit of input 'MAX' is written under the line.
	Safety Stock	It is the emergency stock that is used to protect the system in case of system failures.
	External Shipment	External shipment is a shipment of raw materials from the supplier or delivery of products to the customer.

      
       2.3 Information Symbols        
        

Symbol	Name	Description
	Production Control	Production control represents a central production scheduling or control department.
	Manual Info	Manual info is the flow of general information from memos, reports, etc.
	Electronic info icon	The electronic info icon shows the digital information flow such as the Internet, Intranets, LANs, WANs, etc.
	Production Kanban	Production kanban represents the production needed to supply parts to customers.
	Withdrawal  Kanban	It represents a card that instructs the operator to move parts from a supermarket to a process.
	Signal Kanban	The Signal Kanban symbol represents that inventory levels in a supermarket have dropped to a minimum. Eventually, it signals the production for the receiving process.
	Kanban Post	Kanban posts are used near supermarkets to show a location for collecting Kanban signals.
	Sequenced pull icon	Represents a pull system that offers instructions to processes to manufacture a required product. It eliminates the need for supermarket storage.
	Load leveling icon	The load leveling icon is used to batch Kanbans to level the production volume.
	MRP/ ERP	Material requirements planning (MRP) is an inventory scheduling symbol.
	Go See	It is used when visual observation by the supervisor is required.
	Verbal information	Verbal and personal information flow.

        
      2.4 General Symbols        
        

Symbol	Name	Description
	Kaizen burst icon	The Kaizen burst icon highlights the problem areas. It is a short burst of activity to solve a problem with intensity and urgency.
	Other information icon	Useful Information
	Timeline Symbol	The timeline shows waiting times and processing times. It also helps calculation of lead time and total cycle time.
	Transportation Symbol	This is a group of symbols showing the type of transportation. Such as trains, airplanes, boats, or ships.
	Warehouse Symbol	Internal or external warehouse.
	Cross-Dock Symbol	Shows the supply chain that eliminates the need for a warehouse. The materials go directly from inbound to outbound trucks.
	Phone	Communication by phone or even phone orders.
	Batched Kanban	Kanban cards arriving or being sent in batches.