丰田的看板模式订单拉动的生产方式,将必要的东西在必要的时间只按照必要的量进行生产就是JIT的精髓,下游的工程贴上看板标签,上面记录着需求量物流以及生产状况,作为生产指示,在根据生产指示完成零部件以后,将空的看板标签返还给上游工程,对上游进行需求指示。同时,将以完成的零部件放入下游看板,贴上看板标签一起传给下游。看板方式是一种下游工程拉动的生产方式。
在正常生产销售过程中,销售速度是不可控制的,所以只能够通过控制制造速度来控制产品库存。制造与销售速度的最大差值就为安全库存,生产管理也就是以维持这个安全库存量为基准进行管理的。
一般的生产模式,是按照市场预测、计划、加工然后生产出库的,在这种模式下,预测是最重要的,一切重心都压在了计划上。所以这一模式只适合市场预测简单,需求波动性小的情况。
在看板生产模式下,生产计划根据市场销售速度进行变化,这使得库存量变得更少,库存变化量也变得很低,能够大大减少库存管理压力。
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